• Walter POHL – Nina MIRNIG (Eds.) – Reinier LANGELAAR (Guest Ed.)

medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026

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Stories are at the core of our summer 2026 volume. The thematic cluster, which gives this volume its title and cover illustration, presents origin narratives from 8th-century Japan all the way to early medieval Europe (guest editor: Reinier Langelaar). Its introductory article provides methodological approaches that allow these myths to be read as valuable evidence of historical identity formation. The ensuing seven case studies illustrate the variations and narrative strategies found in early medieval origin stories across Eurasia. Their recurring themes are outlined in the concluding comparative article, which also reflects on the narrative change of these tales. In the individual article section Christian Gastgeber opens the discussion of practical texts such as prognostics and handy tables for daily use, which circulated widely in the early Middle Ages and were regularly translated. Giving an overview of extant Greek and Latin material, he also provides text editions and translations. Using the example of the Sinbad/Seven Sages of Rome tradition, Emilie van Opstall develops a new tool for literary comparison to examine shared narratives in different cultural and linguistic contexts. Drawing on the metaphor of a kaleidoscope, her comparison of Greek, Hebrew, Arabic and Latin versions yields new insights into the similarities and differences between the societies that shaped these narratives.

medieval worlds is open to submissions of broadly comparative studies and matters of global interest, whether in single articles, companion papers, smaller clusters, or special issues on a subject of global/comparative history. We particularly invite studies of wide-ranging connectivity or comparison between different world regions.

Apart from research articles, medieval worlds publishes ongoing debates and project and conference reports on comparative medieval research.

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medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026

ISSN 2412-3196
Online Edition

ISBN 978-3-7001-5407-5
Online Edition



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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2,
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400
https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: bestellung.verlag@oeaw.ac.at
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Origin Myths: Challenges of Interpretation

    Walter Pohl, Pavlína Rychterová, Helmut Reimitz

medieval worlds • no. 24 • 2026, pp. 86-107, 2026/07/01

doi: 10.1553/medievalworlds_no24_2026s86


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doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no24_2026s86


Abstract

Since the 1980s, early medieval historiography has undergone a wave of deconstruction, being credited with little credibility as historical sources. Even more, origin myths have been dismissed not only for their factual information, but also as indirect witnesses of indigenous constructions of identity. The article reopens the debate acknowledging the inspiring challenge of constructivism, but also questioning the new ontology that has spread in its simplifying reception. Using a number of methodological and philosophical approaches, it raises the question to what extent the past is only accessible as a construct, and who are the constructors. Referring to Waldenfels’ phenomenology, it argues that »the other« is not simply a construct of the sovereign self, but that the challenge of the alien is prior to its construction. That may also explain that many origin myths hardly offer positive models of identification, but are full of conflicts, failures and ambivalent figures. Foreignness and diversity are not only constructions of the self, but they are also deep experiences of a foregoing reality. Epistemologically, past diversity that we study is indeed always constructed, and all written sources are already the result of such constructions. Methodologically, therefore, the constructivist perspective needs to be maintained. As the article argues, we just have to avoid ontologising it. The ontological basis is human diversity. The epistemological goal is to understand how people deal with that challenge, and how identities and differences keep changing as a result.

Keywords: Early Middle Ages, origin myths, historiography, constructivism, deconstruction, phenomenology, ontology, diversity, identity, social memory